Paraiyan (Hindu traditions) in India


Population
Main Language
Largest Religion
Christian
Evangelical
Progress
Progress Gauge
* From latest India census data.
Current Christian values may substantially differ.

Subgroups: 24 (10 largest shown)  Show all

Subgroup Name Population
Katti 93,000
Amma 73,000
Sozhia 73,000
Koliyan 50,000
Tangalan 28,000
Chakkali 26,000
Param 26,000
Pullanji 26,000
Sanku 19,000
Tangara 19,000

Introduction / History

The Paraiyan or Paraiyar are an agricultural Hindu people who live in south India and Sri Lanka. Their name comes from the Tamil word for drum. The Paraiyan are known for making drums and playing them at weddings and Hindu festivals.
The English word "pariah" may come from this people. As the numbers of this people increased, they had to take jobs that other castes would not take such as dealing with corpses and tanning leather.
The primary language of the Paraiyan is Tamil.


What Are Their Lives Like?

Most Paraiyan make their living in agriculture and animal husbandry. For the most part they work on land owned by higher castes. To supplement their incomes, they make baskets and mats. A few Paraiyan have been able to attend universities and become physicians, politicians and administrators.
The Paraiyan marry within their people group. Families arrange marriages with the consent of the young couple. Monogamy or marriage to one spouse in the general rule. Sons inherit property upon the death of their father. Parents encourage their sons to get at least a primary education. Girls often must quit school after a few years to help their families.
Paraiyan are not vegetarians but as Hindus do not eat beef. Due to their poverty the Paraiyan usually only eat meat on holidays or special occasions.


What Are Their Beliefs?

The Paraiyan practice Hinduism, the ancient religion of Indian subcontinent. Hindus believe that by performing rituals and good works that they will attain moksha or freedom from the endless cycle of birth, death and rebirth. The Paraiyan visit Hindu shrines and offer prayers, food, flowers, and incense to their gods in hopes of gaining protection and benefits. They do not have a personal or familial relationship with their gods like Christians do. There are many forms of Hinduism, each with its own deities and beliefs. The main yearly holidays of the Paraiyan people are Holi, the festival of colors and the start of spring, Diwali, the festival of lights, Navratri, the celebration of autumn and Rama Navami, Rama's birthday. The caste system divides Hindus into four main categories. The Paraiyan are outside of the caste system and face discrimination.
Illiteracy is a big issue for the Paraiyan as less than half of them can read and write. Many resources are available in Tamil including a complete Bible and the JESUS Film. Most Paraiyan will have to have the gospel given to them in oral and visual forms.


What Are Their Needs?

The Paraiyan have major physical and spiritual needs. At least half need to learn to read and write. They need to learn new job skills to escape the cycle of poverty. Most of all the Paraiyan must hear the good news about Jesus Christ. He alone can forgive their sins and give them eternal life.


Prayer Points

Pray that God establishes the Paraiyan believers in the faith and uses them to share the gospel with their families and friends.
Pray that Hindu background believers build relationships with the Paraiyan and help meet their spiritual and physical needs.
Pray for a movement to Jesus to multiply among Paraiyan families and communities.


Scripture Prayers for the Paraiyan (Hindu traditions) in India.


Profile Source:   Joshua Project  

People Name General Paraiyan (Hindu traditions)
People Name in Country Paraiyan (Hindu traditions)
Alternate Names Christian Adi Dravida; Parayan; Parayan Christian; Pariah; Pariya; Samban; Sambar; Sambavan; Sambavar; Sambavar Christian; Veppur Parayan; परैयाँ
Population this Country 2,608,000
Population all Countries 2,713,000
Total Countries 2
Indigenous Yes
Progress Scale 1
Unreached Yes
Frontier People Group No
GSEC 4  (per PeopleGroups.org)
Pioneer Workers Needed 52
People ID 17844
ROP3 Code 113318
ROP25 Code 306551
ROP25 Name Parayan / Paraiyan
Affinity Bloc South Asian Peoples
People Cluster South Asia Dalit - other
People Group Paraiyan (Hindu traditions)
Ethnic Code CNN25
Total Subgroups 24 (only 15 largest shown)
  Katti 93,000
  Amma 73,000
  Sozhia 73,000
  Koliyan 50,000
  Tangalan 28,000
  Chakkali 26,000
  Param 26,000
  Pullanji 26,000
  Sanku 19,000
  Tangara 19,000
Country India
Region Asia, South
Continent Asia
10/40 Window Yes
National Bible Society Website
Persecution Rank 11  (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking)
Total States on file 25
Largest States
(only 15 largest shown)
Tamil Nadu
2,167,000
Kerala
330,000
Andhra Pradesh
47,000
Puducherry
33,000
Maharashtra
13,000
Delhi
6,100
Telangana
3,800
Karnataka
2,800
Haryana
1,900
Madhya Pradesh
600
Gujarat
600
Andaman and Nicobar
500
West Bengal
500
Uttar Pradesh
300
Chandigarh
300
Districts Interactive map, listing and data download
Specialized Website South Asia Peoples
Country India
Region Asia, South
Continent Asia
10/40 Window Yes
National Bible Society Website
Persecution Rank 11  (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking)
Total States 25  (only 20 largest shown)
  Tamil Nadu 2,167,000
  Kerala 330,000
  Andhra Pradesh 47,000
  Puducherry 33,000
  Maharashtra 13,000
  Delhi 6,100
  Telangana 3,800
  Karnataka 2,800
  Haryana 1,900
  Madhya Pradesh 600
  Gujarat 600
  Andaman and Nicobar 500
  West Bengal 500
  Uttar Pradesh 300
  Chandigarh 300
Website South Asia Peoples
Primary Religion: Hinduism
Major Religion Percent *
Buddhism
0.08 %
Christianity  (Evangelical Unknown)
0.18 %
Ethnic Religions
0.00 %
Hinduism
99.73 %
Islam
0.00 %
Non-Religious
0.00 %
Other / Small
0.01 %
Unknown
0.00 %
* From latest India census data.
Current Christian values may substantially differ.
Primary Language Tamil (1,921,000 speakers)
Language Code tam   Ethnologue Listing
Language Written Yes   ScriptSource Listing
Total Languages 7
Secondary Languages
Malayalam
237,000
Telugu
12,000
Konkani
1,000
English
1,000
Kannada
500
Tulu
60
Primary Language Tamil (1,921,000 speakers)
Language Code tam   Ethnologue Listing
Total Languages 7
Secondary Languages
  Malayalam 237,000
  Telugu 12,000
  Konkani 1,000
  English 1,000
  Kannada 500
  Tulu 60
People Groups Speaking Tamil

Primary Language:  Tamil

Bible Translation Status  (Years)
Bible-Portions Yes  (1714-1956)
Bible-New Testament Yes  (1715-1998)
Bible-Complete Yes  (1727-2021)
FCBH NT (www.bible.is) Online
YouVersion NT (www.bible.com) Online
Possible Print Bibles
Amazon
World Bibles
Forum Bible Agencies
National Bible Societies
World Bible Finder
Virtual Storehouse
Resource Type Resource Name Source
Audio Recordings Audio Bible teaching Global Recordings Network
Audio Recordings General Ministry Resources General / Other
Audio Recordings Love letter to you from scripture Father's Love Letter
Audio Recordings Online Audio Scripture Talking Bibles
Audio Recordings Recorded oral Bible Oral Bibles
Audio Recordings Story of Jesus audio Jesus Film Project
Film / Video Following Jesus video Jesus Film Project
Film / Video God's Story video God's Story
Film / Video Indigitube.tv Video / Animation Create International
Film / Video Jesus Film: view in Tamil Jesus Film Project
Film / Video LUMO film of Gospels Bible Media Group/LUMO
Film / Video Magdalena video Jesus Film Project
Film / Video My Last Day video, anime Jesus Film Project
Film / Video Rivka video Jesus Film Project
Film / Video Story of Jesus for Children Jesus Film Project
Film / Video World Christian Videos World Christian Videos
General Bible for Children Bible for Children
General Biblical answers to your questions Got Questions Ministry
General Comprehensive list of Tamil Resources General / Other
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
General Faith Comes By Hearing - Bible in text or audio or video Faith Comes by Hearing
Photo Source Anonymous 
Map Source People Group data: Omid. Map geography: UNESCO / GMI. Map Design: Joshua Project.  
Profile Source Joshua Project 
Data Sources Data is compiled from various sources. Learn more.



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