Much confusion surrounds the tiny, little-known Zakhring tribe of north-east India. They inhabit the hilly terrain and the banks of the Lohit River in the Walong and Kibithoo area (Hayuliang Subdivision) of the Lohit District in Arunachal Pradesh.
The 1981 census returned a figure of just 14 Zakhring people. However, 235 additional people identified themselves under the ethnic name 'Meyor ', which is a synonym for the Zakhring. Together, then, the total population for this group was 249. In the years since the 1981 census the population for the Zakhring is thought to have surpassed 300. To further complicate their identification, various sources note that neither Zakhring nor Meyor is the name these people use for themselves. In their own language they call themselves Charumba.
Regardless of their small size and the multiplicity of names, the Indian government has granted official status to this group as a Scheduled Tribe, under the name Zakhring.
Scholar Dutta Choudhury says the Zakhring arrived from the north (Tibet) in two waves of migration—the first in the late 1800s and the second wave a few years later in the early 1900s. These two separate migrations may explain why such a small group of a few hundred people speak two distinct dialects, which the Ethnologue labels Lower Zyphe and Upper Zyphe. When they first arrived in the Lohit District they 'had to face bitter opposition from the Mishmis. However, the Zakhring migrants overcame the opposition and settled in and around Walong. '
The Zakhring enjoy close relationships with the Tibetans and Monpa, and intermarriage with these groups is encouraged. Many Tibetan refugees live nearby. In both the 1971 and 1981 censuses, 100 per cent of Zakhring people declared themselves to be followers of Buddhism. Zakhring art reflects their origins in Tibet and their faith in Tibetan Buddhism. The Zakhring 'paint scrolls and murals, make wooden images of Buddha and produce some hand painted wooden objects and masks '.
Elements of the pre-Buddhist Bon religion seem to have been retained by the Zakhring. 'The Zakhring's Buddhism is tinged with beliefs in animism and shamanism. Their shamanistic priest is known as kahu who practises witchcraft. He is often called in to cure a person suffering from a disease. Besides Lord Buddha and the Bodhistatvas, the Zakhrings also have a community deity or village deity known as Yong or the deity of the hills. Thus each village has a separate Yong. '
The tiny Zakhring tribe must rank as one of the most unreached Buddhist people groups in the world. They are isolated in a small area that has little or no access to gospel witness. There has never been a known Christian among the Zakhring. One Christian source states, 'They are a small and insignificant tribe mostly dependent on others. They do not have a Bible nor literature of their own. They are in need of development. '
Scripture Prayers for the Charumba in India.
Profile Source: Peoples of the Buddhist World, Asia Harvest Copyrighted © Used with permission |
People Name General | Charumba |
People Name in Country | Charumba |
Alternate Names | Meyor; Zakhring; चारूमबा |
Population this Country | 1,100 |
Population all Countries | 1,900 |
Total Countries | 2 |
Indigenous | Yes |
Progress Scale | 2 ● |
Unreached | No |
Frontier People Group | No |
GSEC | 1 (per PeopleGroups.org) |
Pioneer Workers Needed | |
People ID | 18354 |
ROP3 Code | 113908 |
ROP25 Code | 301678 |
ROP25 Name | Charumba |
Country | India | ||
Region | Asia, South | ||
Continent | Asia | ||
10/40 Window | Yes | ||
National Bible Society | Website | ||
Persecution Rank | 11 (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking) | ||
Location in Country | The Zakhring (Charumba) inhabit the hilly terrain and the banks of the Lohit River in the Walong and Kibithoo area of the Lohit District in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Source: Peoples of the Buddhist World, 2004 | ||
Districts | Interactive map, listing and data download | ||
Specialized Website | South Asia Peoples |
Country | India |
Region | Asia, South |
Continent | Asia |
10/40 Window | Yes |
National Bible Society | Website |
Persecution Rank | 11 (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking) |
Location in Country | The Zakhring (Charumba) inhabit the hilly terrain and the banks of the Lohit River in the Walong and Kibithoo area of the Lohit District in Arunachal Pradesh, India.. Source: Peoples of the Buddhist World, 2004 |
Total States | 1 |
Arunachal Pradesh 1,100 | |
Website | South Asia Peoples |
Primary Religion: | Buddhism |
Major Religion ▲ | Percent * |
---|---|
Buddhism |
84.30 %
|
Christianity (Evangelical Unknown) |
7.75 %
|
Ethnic Religions |
0.00 %
|
Hinduism |
3.00 %
|
Islam |
0.10 %
|
Non-Religious |
0.00 %
|
Other / Small |
0.10 %
|
Unknown |
4.75 %
|
* From latest India census data. Current Christian values may substantially differ. |
Primary Language | Zakhring (900 speakers) | |||
Language Code | zkr Ethnologue Listing | |||
Language Written | Unknown | |||
Total Languages | 4 | |||
Secondary Languages |
|
Primary Language | Zakhring (900 speakers) |
Language Code | zkr Ethnologue Listing |
Total Languages | 4 |
Secondary Languages | |
Sartang 30 | |
Adi 10 | |
Digaro-Mishmi 10 | |
People Groups | Speaking Zakhring |
Primary Language: Zakhring
Bible Translation Status: Unspecified
Resource Type ▲ | Resource Name | Source |
---|---|---|
Audio Recordings | Audio Bible teaching | Global Recordings Network |
Photo Source | Copyrighted © 2023 Operation China, Asia Harvest All rights reserved. Used with permission |
Map Source | People Group data: Omid. Map geography: UNESCO / GMI. Map Design: Joshua Project |
Profile Source | Peoples of the Buddhist World, Asia Harvest Copyrighted © Used with permission |
Data Sources | Data is compiled from various sources. Learn more. |