Included as part of the Han nationality, the Hainanese are descended from Chinese who migrated from Fujian at various times over the last 15 centuries.
Hainanese is related to the Min Nan language of Fujian. Hainanese "has evolved in unusual directions and is not at all readily understood by other Min Nan peoples." Hainanese is also called Qiongwen. Qiongwen is widely spoken throughout 14 counties and cities of Hainan. Most Hainanese are bilingual in Mandarin, while many can also speak Cantonese.
The Shang Dynasty (1700–1100 BC): The second dynasty in Chinese history was the Shang, which lasted for 600 years. The ruling base at the time was the Yellow River basin in present-day Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Shandong. Archaeological finds from the Shang period have indicated the presence of "a caste of high priests who practiced divination using so-called oracle bones. Associated with ancestor worship and divination are the Shang bronze vessels, the surfaces of which are covered with extraordinarily detailed linear designs." The Shang Dynasty was overthrown around 1100 BC. Chinese have lived on Hainan Island since Madame Xian - a leader of the Yue minority tribes of southern China - pledged allegiance to the Sui Dynasty rulers in the sixth century AD.
Most Hainanese earn their livelihood from fishing or agriculture. Severe and sudden storms lash the Hainan coastline every summer, causing massive damage to homes and boats. New industry and factories have sprung up on Hainan in the last decade. Significant numbers of Hainanese are employed by the expanding tourist industry which has catered to a growing number of Chinese and foreign tourists since the early 1980s.
Severe persecution of all religious activity during the Cultural Revolution caused the demise of many traditional Chinese religious practices in the 1960s. Most of the current generation of Hainanese youth are nonreligious.
The first mention of Christianity on Hainan was in 1630 when Jesuit priests came from Macau and constructed a chapel in Fucheng Township. The first Protestant missionary on the island was Carl Jeremiassen, a Danish sea captain, who was employed by the Qing government "to hunt down pirates and smugglers." Jeremiassen, however, "changed his mind and his profession upon reaching Hainan in 1881, distributing Bibles with one hand and dispensing medicines with the other." In 1992 there were at least 37,000 Protestants and 3,000 Catholics on Hainan Island, most of whom were Hainanese Chinese. In the six years since then, one church-planting movement has established 550 new house churches with 55,000 new believers on the island.
Scripture Prayers for the Han Chinese, Hainanese in China.
Profile Source: Operation China, Asia Harvest Copyrighted © Used with permission |
People Name General | Han Chinese, Hainanese |
People Name in Country | Han Chinese, Hainanese |
Pronunciation | Hi-nahn-eez |
Natural Name | Hainanese Chinese |
Population this Country | 6,040,000 |
Population all Countries | 6,655,000 |
Total Countries | 5 |
Indigenous | Yes |
Progress Scale | 4 ● |
Unreached | No |
Frontier People Group | No |
Pioneer Workers Needed | |
Alternate Names | Chinese Qiongwen; Hainan Chinese; Hainanese; Qiongwen |
People ID | 12053 |
ROP3 Code | 103690 |
Country | China | ||
Region | Asia, Northeast | ||
Continent | Asia | ||
10/40 Window | Yes | ||
National Bible Society | Website | ||
Persecution Rank | 23 (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking) | ||
Location in Country | Five million Hainanese Chinese are concentrated in the northeastern parts of China's Hainan (South Sea) Island. They are located along the coast in a clockwise direction, from the northeast all the way to the west of the island. Source: Operation China, 2000 |
Country | China |
Region | Asia, Northeast |
Continent | Asia |
10/40 Window | Yes |
National Bible Society | Website |
Persecution Rank | 23 (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking) |
Location in Country | Five million Hainanese Chinese are concentrated in the northeastern parts of China's Hainan (South Sea) Island. They are located along the coast in a clockwise direction, from the northeast all the way to the west of the island.. Source: Operation China, 2000 |
Primary Language | Chinese, Min Nan (6,040,000 speakers) |
Language Code | nan Ethnologue Listing |
Primary Dialect | Hokkien |
Dialect Code | 6466 Global Recordings Listing |
Language Written | Yes ScriptSource Listing |
Total Languages | 1 |
Primary Language | Chinese, Min Nan (6,040,000 speakers) |
Language Code | nan Ethnologue Listing |
Primary Dialect | Hokkien |
Dialect Code | 6466 Global Recordings Listing |
Total Languages | 1 |
People Groups | Speaking Chinese, Min Nan |
Primary Language: Chinese, Min Nan
Bible Translation ▲ | Status (Years) |
---|---|
Bible-Portions | Yes (1875-1916) |
Bible-New Testament | Yes (1896-1974) |
Bible-Complete | Yes (1922-1996) |
Bible-NT Audio | Online |
Bible-NT Text | Online |
Possible Print Bibles | |
---|---|
Amazon | |
World Bibles | |
Forum Bible Agencies | |
National Bible Societies | |
World Bible Finder | |
Virtual Storehouse |
Resource Type ▲ | Resource Name |
---|---|
Audio Recordings | Amoy Bible |
Audio Recordings | Audio Bible teaching (GRN) |
Audio Recordings | Online New Testament (FCBH) |
Audio Recordings | Story of Jesus audio (Jesus Film Project) |
Film / Video | Gimchua's Family (EngSub) |
Film / Video | Gimchua's Family (HanSub) |
Film / Video | God's Story Video |
Film / Video | Jesus Film: view in Chinese, Min Nan |
Film / Video | Magdalena (Jesus Film Project) |
Film / Video | My Last Day (Jesus Film Project Anime) |
Film / Video | Story of Hope |
Text / Printed Matter | Bible: Chinese Union Version, Shangti Edition, Simplified |
Text / Printed Matter | Bible: Chinese Union Version, Shen Edition, Simplified |
Text / Printed Matter | Bible: Revised Chinese Union Version, Traditional |
Text / Printed Matter | Bible: 新譯本(繁體字版) |
Text / Printed Matter | Online Bible text (Scripture Earth) |
Primary Religion: | Non-Religious |
Major Religion ▲ | Percent |
---|---|
Buddhism |
20.00 %
|
Christianity (Evangelical 5.50 %) |
8.00 %
|
Ethnic Religions |
35.00 %
|
Hinduism |
0.00 %
|
Islam |
0.00 %
|
Non-Religious |
37.00 %
|
Other / Small |
0.00 %
|
Unknown |
0.00 %
|
Christian Segments ▲ | Percent |
---|---|
Anglican |
0.0 %
|
Independent |
88.0 %
|
Orthodox |
0.0 %
|
Other Christian |
2.0 %
|
Protestant |
0.0 %
|
Roman Catholic |
10.0 %
|
Photo Source | Copyrighted © 2021 Operation China, Asia Harvest All rights reserved. Used with permission |
Map Source | Bethany World Prayer Center |
Profile Source | Operation China, Asia Harvest Copyrighted © Used with permission |
Data Sources | Data is compiled from various sources. Read more |