In early 1990 a Chinese oil exploration team4 came across a village of people living around an extremely remote oasis in the heart of the desert. They were described as having a "gentle culture, living primitive lives in extreme isolation." Experts discovered this tribe had been out of touch with the world for 350 years. "As a result, they ... knew nothing of the historical fact of the Qing Dynasty (China's last dynasty) or about anything else up to the present time."

It is not known why the ancestors of the Taklimakan Uygur fled deep into the desert three and a half centuries ago. It may have been to escape the marauding bandits who infested the area at the time. The Xinjiang authorities - never slow to spot a money-making opportunity - sold the rights to film the tribe to the London-based Third Eye Television for US$2.8 million. This will no doubt have a massive impact on this tribe which had never seen a machine or electric appliance before. They will probably be consumed into mainstream Uygur culture before too long.

At the time of their discovery, the Taklimakan Uygurs "told the time by the sun, had no form of government or authority structure, and no schools or writing system. They lived around an oasis, farming animals and growing crops for their existence." Temperatures in the desert are as harsh as anywhere in the world. Andir, in the western part of the desert, once registered a temperature of 67.2° Celsius (153°F).

Despite their isolation, reports indicate that the Taklimakan Uygur were still Muslims when they were discovered.

The Taklimakan Desert is surrounded by the ancient Silk Road, which witnessed the arrival of Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity in China. At the Dunhuang oasis which skirts the desert, startled archaeologists in the early 1900s began to unearth hundreds of Nestorian Christian documents. Accessible by helicopter only, the Taklimakan Uygur are the epitome of an unevangelized people group.