Various sub-tribes have moved in from Senegal to the south and Mali to the east over the last few centuries. They are now numerous in southern Mauritania in the Senegal River valley. Mostly in the Senegal River valley along the borders with Senegal and Mali.

Men are semi-nomadic while women tend to stay in the villages, although villages may be moved in the annual rainy season. Many are now joining the exodus to the larger towns and cities.

Generally Sufi Islam, some Sunni. They still hold to many traditional practices of healing, fortune-telling, cursing, blessing etc. Strong beliefs in evil spirits and sorcerors who try to control them.

Ability to adapt to changing population, drying land, agricultural and pastoral practises. The region is facing big problems with rising food prices. They often find it hard to live in towns and take more 'modern' work.

* For the spread of the Gospel by word of mouth.
* For Jesus' power to be seen to counter occult power.
* For tiny but emerging fellowships of Jesus followers