Chain in India


Population
Main Language
Largest Religion
Christian *
Evangelical
Progress
Progress Gauge
* Data can be from various sources including official census, agencies, and local research. Data from these sources can sometimes differ even by orders of magnitude. Joshua Project attempts to present a conservative, balanced estimate.

Introduction / History

The Chain are an ethnic community found in northeastern India, particularly in parts of Manipur near the border regions connected to Myanmar. They are related to other Chin-Kuki tribal peoples of the surrounding hill regions and speak the Chain language, which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family. Their history is closely tied to the migration patterns of Chin-related peoples who moved through the mountainous areas between present-day India and Myanmar over many generations.

Traditionally, the Chain lived in small village communities led by local chiefs or respected elders. Their remote location in difficult terrain helped preserve many aspects of their language and customs. Like many tribal groups in the region, they have experienced social and political pressures connected to border tensions, ethnic conflicts, and economic hardship. Even so, family loyalty, clan identity, and respect for community traditions remain important parts of daily life.


What Are Their Lives Like?

Most Chain families live in rural hill communities where agriculture plays a major role in everyday life. Farming is often done on terraced hillsides or through shifting cultivation methods, with rice serving as a primary food source alongside vegetables, roots, and local herbs. Livestock such as pigs and chickens are commonly raised near the home.

Family and village relationships are central to Chain society. Extended families frequently live close together, and community cooperation is highly valued during planting seasons, harvests, weddings, and times of difficulty. Traditional songs, storytelling, and festivals help preserve cultural identity and pass history from one generation to another.

Life in the hill regions can be physically demanding. Roads, medical care, and educational opportunities are often limited in remote areas. Younger generations sometimes leave their villages in search of work or schooling in larger towns, creating tension between preserving traditional culture and adapting to modern economic realities.


What Are Their Beliefs?

Many among the Chain identify with Christianity due to missionary influence that spread through Chin and related tribal communities during the past century. Churches often play an important role in village life and community gatherings.

However, traditional spiritual beliefs and practices may still influence daily thinking and customs. In some communities, older animistic ideas concerning spirits, blessings, curses, and supernatural forces remain present alongside outward Christian practice. Fear of spiritual powers, reliance on rituals, and respect for ancestral traditions can contribute to syncretism where biblical teaching has not been deeply understood or firmly established.

Where the gospel has taken root genuinely, believers need continued discipleship, sound biblical teaching, and spiritual maturity so that faith rests fully on Christ rather than on a mixture of older religious practices.


What Are Their Needs?

The Chain need continued access to clear biblical teaching in forms that are understandable within their language and cultural setting. Churches and believers among them need encouragement, trained leadership, and faithful discipleship rooted firmly in Scripture.

Many communities also face practical challenges connected to poverty, limited infrastructure, healthcare access, and educational opportunities. Remote geography can isolate villages from outside assistance and economic development.

Younger generations often face uncertainty as they balance traditional identity with modern pressures and migration to urban areas. Strong Christian families and mature local churches can provide stability, hope, and godly leadership during these transitions.


Prayer Items

Pray that the Chain people would come to a deep and genuine understanding of the gospel of Jesus Christ and place their faith fully in Him alone.
Pray that believers and churches among the Chain would grow in biblical maturity, rejecting syncretism and standing firmly on the truth of Scripture.
Pray that the Chain people would be adopted through the People Group Adoption program so that ongoing prayer, ministry partnership, and future gospel engagement would continue among them.
Pray for improved access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunity in remote Chain communities, and that Christian workers would serve them with wisdom and compassion.


Scripture Prayers for the Chain in India.


References

https://peoplegroups.org/explore/GroupDetails.aspx?peid=41357
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chin
https://www.ethnologue.com/language/cin/
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/chin


Profile Source:   Joshua Project  

People Name General Chain
People Name in Country Chain
Pronunciation chyne
Alternate Names Chai; Chaie; चैन
Population this Country 549,000
Population all Countries 574,000
Total Countries 2
Indigenous Yes
Progress Scale Progress Gauge
Unreached Yes
Frontier Yes
GSEC 1  (per PeopleGroups.org)
Pioneer Workers Needed 11
PeopleID3 16564
ROP3 Code 111755
Country India
Region Asia, South
Continent Asia
10/40 Window Yes
National Bible Society Website
Persecution Rank 12  (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking)
Total States on file 21
Largest States
(only 15 largest shown)
West Bengal
390,000
Bihar
83,000
Jharkhand
60,000
Tripura
6,400
Odisha
2,600
Andaman and Nicobar
1,400
Uttar Pradesh
1,000
Delhi
1,000
Chhattisgarh
800
Meghalaya
700
Maharashtra
700
Arunachal Pradesh
600
Nagaland
600
Assam
400
Madhya Pradesh
200
Districts Interactive map, listing and data download
Specialized Website South Asia Peoples
Country India
Region Asia, South
Continent Asia
10/40 Window Yes
National Bible Society Website
Persecution Rank 12  (Open Doors top 50 rank, 1 = highest persecution ranking)
Total States 21  (only 20 largest shown)
  West Bengal 390,000
  Bihar 83,000
  Jharkhand 60,000
  Tripura 6,400
  Odisha 2,600
  Andaman and Nicobar 1,400
  Uttar Pradesh 1,000
  Delhi 1,000
  Chhattisgarh 800
  Meghalaya 700
  Maharashtra 700
  Arunachal Pradesh 600
  Nagaland 600
  Assam 400
  Madhya Pradesh 200
Website South Asia Peoples
Primary Religion: Hinduism
Major Religion Estimated Percent *
Buddhism
0.00 %
Christianity
0.04 %
Ethnic Religions
0.00 %
Hinduism
99.96 %
Islam
0.00 %
Judaism
0.00 %
Non-Religious
0.00 %
Other / Small
0.00 %
Sikhism
0.00 %
Unknown
0.00 %
* From latest India census data.
Current Christian values may substantially differ.
Primary Language Bengali (405,000 speakers)
Ethnologue Language Code ben
Ethnologue Language Familly Indo-European
Glottolog Language Family Indo-European
Written / Published Yes   (ScriptSource Listing)
Total Languages 10
Secondary Languages
Hindi
72,000
Bhojpuri
22,000
Magahi
12,000
Maithili
9,700
Odia
900
Angika
600
Andaman Hindi Creole
200
Kok Borok
200
Kannada
30
Primary Language Bengali (405,000 speakers)
Ethnologue Language Code ben
Ethnologue Language Familly Indo-European
Glottolog Language Family Indo-European
Written / Published Yes   (ScriptSource Listing)
Total Languages 10
Secondary Languages
  Hindi 72,000
  Bhojpuri 22,000
  Magahi 12,000
  Maithili 9,700
  Odia 900
  Angika 600
  Andaman Hindi Creole 200
  Kok Borok 200
  Kannada 30

Primary Language:  Bengali

Bible Translation Status  (Years)
Bible-Portions Yes  (1800-1980)
Bible-New Testament Yes  (1801-1984)
Bible-Complete Yes  (1809-2022)
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Photo Source (Representative photo)
Copyrighted © 2026  Isudas  All rights reserved.  Used with permission
Map Source People Group data: Omid. Map geography: UNESCO / GMI. Map Design: Joshua Project.  
Profile Source Joshua Project 
Data Sources Data is compiled from various sources. Learn more.